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Guess Society · 2 min

When free to choose, what share of choices went to the other group?

50%
Read in 2 min

An interesting idea
is a beginning.

Scrolling stops at the headline. Here, it goes further.

Psychology

A habit in 21 days?
There is no universal clock.

59 and 66 days

were the medians in two studies, with large differences between people.

The question

How long does it take to form a habit? A review brought together 20 studies with 2,601 participants.

Healthcare, 2024 ↗

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Neuroscience

What were you going to do
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An experiment on short videos and remembering planned actions.

60 people completed a task about remembering actions, before and after a ten-minute break.

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Curiosity
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An alternative to doomscrolling, without guilt: papers in plain English to explore an idea, understand the evidence behind it and keep thinking.

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Isn't this just swapping one kind of scrolling for another?

Partly, yes, and we do not hide it: PaperFlow is also a feed, and you scroll through it too. The difference is what stays with you when you close it. Instead of doomscrolling, every reading leads to a real study, with its limits and original source in view. We do not ask you to use your phone less or measure your screen time.

What is PaperFlow?

PaperFlow is an alternative to doomscrolling: a feed of research explained in plain English for curious people. Each reading connects an idea with the study's question, findings and limitations, with access to the original source.

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Start with a topic or question that interests you. The reading separates what was investigated, what was found and what cannot yet be claimed. You can open the original source to keep exploring.

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What do Free, Reader and Researcher include?

Free includes the complete summary, key idea and Something to think about when present for every paper, saved readings and the original source, without ads. Reader adds Learn more, editorial evidence, quizzes with explanations and 20 chat responses per month, without voice. Researcher includes everything in Reader, with 75 chat responses and 15 voice minutes per month. The app is now available on the App Store and Google Play; create your account and choose a plan in the app.

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Open this reading on its public page

A habit in 21 days? There is no universal clock.

Have three weeks passed, but repeating a routine still takes effort? A review brought together 20 studies with 2,601 participants and found no universal timeline for forming habits.

What it investigated

The review examined how health-related habits form. Only four of the included studies directly reported how long habit formation took.

What it found

Two studies reported medians of 59 and 66 days, with large differences between people. These are findings from separate studies: they do not form a pooled estimate or replace the 21-day rule with a 66-day rule.

A timeline observed in a study is not a deadline for everyone.

What it cannot show

The behaviors and methods studied differed, and the measures relied on self-reports. Limited and varied data prevented a meta-analysis of formation time. The evidence cannot establish a deadline that applies to everyone.

Singh, Murphy, Maher and Smith · Healthcare, 2024.

Read the original study ↗

DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12232488 · CC BY 4.0. English adaptation; this does not imply endorsement by the authors.

What Reader adds

Includes all the summaries in Free, saved readings and sources. You can also go deeper, review what you learned and ask questions in writing.

Monthly and annual options are purchased in the app. The App Store or Google Play confirms the localized price and automatic renewal before purchase. Allowances renew each month, including on annual plans. This website does not process subscriptions or payments.

What Researcher adds

Includes everything in Reader: summaries, saved readings, sources, Learn more, editorial evidence and quizzes. Adds more chat and voice conversations.

The 3-day trial is available only with Researcher and depends on your eligibility in the store. It includes 30 responses and 8 voice minutes in total; the plan allowances apply afterward.

Monthly and annual options are purchased in the app. The App Store or Google Play confirms the localized price and automatic renewal before purchase. Allowances renew each month, including on annual plans. This website does not process subscriptions or payments.